如何在windows命令行中只取文件名而不取路径？

用%~nxf表示<filename>.<extension>。

没错，你可以这样做。

for /r %%f in (*) do (
echo "blah blah blah '%%~nxf'" >> blahblah_%%~nxf.txt
)

见for /?。

In addition, substitution of FOR variable references has been enhanced.
You can now use the following optional syntax:

    %~I - expands %I removing any surrounding quotes (")
    %~fI - expands %I to a fully qualified path name
    %~dI - expands %I to a drive letter only
    %~pI - expands %I to a path only
    %~nI - expands %I to a file name only
    %~xI - expands %I to a file extension only
    %~sI - expanded path contains short names only
    %~aI - expands %I to file attributes of file
    %~tI - expands %I to date/time of file
    %~zI - expands %I to size of file
    %~$PATH:I - searches the directories listed in the PATH
                   environment variable and expands %I to the
                   fully qualified name of the first one found.
                   If the environment variable name is not
                   defined or the file is not found by the
                   search, then this modifier expands to the
                   empty string

The modifiers can be combined to get compound results:

    %~dpI - expands %I to a drive letter and path only
    %~nxI - expands %I to a file name and extension only
    %~fsI - expands %I to a full path name with short names only
    %~dp$PATH:I - searches the directories listed in the PATH
                   environment variable for %I and expands to the
                   drive letter and path of the first one found.
    %~ftzaI - expands %I to a DIR like output line

In the above examples %I and PATH can be replaced by other valid
values. The %~ syntax is terminated by a valid FOR variable name.
Picking upper case variable names like %I makes it more readable and
avoids confusion with the modifiers, which are not case sensitive.

我还不能发表评论，但我认为应该注意以下几点以避免混淆。

虽然f可以用作for变量名，但最好使用另一个字母，以避免与格式字母f混淆（正如Bob的回答中所说，F返回的是完整的路径名），或者至少使用大写的0x6&。